A unit weight of 240 Lb. of wool.
There are many surviving roads, tracks and causeways which were used by the pack-horses carrying the wool, cotton, cloth, salt and lime from the 16th century onwards. Many of these were along old - possibly prehistoric - hillside tracks and were paved with flagstones. A pack-horse train was led by a jagger.
A Pattern is a sample of a fabric, often held in book form, used to demonstrate products to clients.
A Master Pattern is a controlled sample against which all manufacturing batches are compared in order to ensure uniformity of colour, shade and pattern.
The distance, motion way, of one complete repeat of the design, measured either in picks, or jacquard cards. (1 card = 2 picks). Determined by the number of motions of the jacquard required to complete one repeat of the design.
The distance reed-way over which motifs and design repeat, measured in ends or dents. Determined by the cutting of the cards, and limited by the harmess tie-up.
A Pick is a single operation of the weft-inserting mechanism in weaving.
A Pick is also a single weft thread in a cloth as woven.
Picking, the second of the three basic motions involved in
weaving, is the operation of passing the
weft through the open
Shed during weaving.
A Picker is the part of the picking mechanism of the loom that actually strikes the
Shuttle.
John Pickles Obituary, 1931
John Pickles was on the office staff of John Holdsworth & Co Ltd at Shaw Lodge Mills, Halifax for 58 years, holding the position of chief clerk.
For a long number of years Mr. Pickles had been associated with the Friendly Society movement in the town and had along connection with the Ancient Order of Foresters. He held the office of secretary for the court at Copley, and when it was disbanded he joined Court 322. For a period he was secretary to Halifax District. Mr. Pickles was also connected with the Yorkshire Foresters' Orphanage at Bridlington. He was a staunch supporter of the Co-operative movement in Halifax, and some years ago he was the Society's auditor.
John Henry Pickles died aged 75, at his home, 34, Emscote-Street, Halifax on 17 January 1931. He left one daughter.
A length of fabric of customarily accepted unit length. See also Greasy Piece.
The dyeing of fabrics once already in the form of a piece.
Perhaps the greatest jewel in Halifax is the Piece Hall, the only surviving cloth hall in Yorkshire and covering 10,000 square yards. This, opened in 1779, was the market for local handloom weavers and merchants who brought their ‘pieces’ of cloth for sale here. John Holdsworth, father of the John Holdsworth who founded John Holdsworth & Co Ltd, a cloth merchant from Shibden, was one of the first tenants, with Room number 12. Around a central quadrangle are galleries with Tuscan and Rustic columns accommodating over 300 lock-up rooms. After the Industrial Revolution had left the Piece Hall stranded like a beached whale, it was allowed to deteriorate physically and in the 1970s was on the verge of being pulled down. One vote saved it! Can you believe what philistines the civic authorities were in those days? Now the Piece Hall has new life as a museum and gallery with shops selling antiques and collectables and the central area is used for concerts. Again it is appreciated for its distinctive beauty and at the same time it has a purpose. It is, of course, now a listed building. It was so nearly a pile of rubble..
A substance in particulate form, which is substantially insoluble in a medium, but which can be mechanically dispersed in this medium to modify its colour.
A balooning eye, or yarn guider, often with a ceramic insert to reduce friction during movement of yarn, such as in winding. The speed of processing yarns is often limited in machinery by the tension in the yarn, which is created by the ballooning effect from the yarn being taken off the feed package, which is then multiplied at each friction or guide point.
Pile - A surface effect on fabric produced by
Tufts or loops of yarn which stand up from the body of the fabric. Most usual in
Carpet, also in
Moquette,
Velour,
Velvet and Plush.
Loop Pile - The fibres or yarn of which form loops during the fabric manufacture. These are manufactured only on
Wire-Loom.
Cut Pile - The surface of which consists entirely of severed ends of fibres or yarns. These are manufactured on
Face-to-Face Loom and on
Wire-Loom.
Textured Pile Pile, in which the surface character is varied by having areas of different characteristics, by combinations of loop (epinglé)
and cut pile. These fabrics are sometimes called "Combination Fabrics"; they are particularly hard-wearing and are commonly used for railways and subway cars, like London Transport. These are manufactured only on
Wire-Loom.
Pile Yarn - The
Yarn which is used to form the pile in a
Fabric.
1. A pirn is a wood, paper, metal or plastic support, usually slightly tapered, on which yarn is wound for use as weft in a shuttle.
2. A pirn or cop is also the weft package wound on the above support for use in the shuttle.
To arrange fabric in width-ways folds. See Cuttle
A plant-sheet is a plan used by the production people to show the position and colour of every thread in a loom. This is required particularly for Jacquard looms, where the sequence of the coloured threads across the width of the loom, is used in conjunction with the Jacquard cards to create complex designs.
Point-paper is special type of grid paper which was used extensively in the design process for Jacquard woven fabrics. The point paper designer painted a new version of the pattern pixel by pixel within the point paper grid lines. A limited number of colors were used, each representing a frame in the creel. Complex designs required several days of painting before the point paper was complete. This paper, once completed, following the designer’s original concept, often by an apprentice designer, would be used at card stamping to punch the holes in the Jacquard cards. Colours used were standardised to denote at each position from which frame (or sheet) the thread lifted.
Invented for use in the cotton industry in 1784, by Edmund Cartwright, the power loom mechanised weaving and paved the way to mass production in both the woollen and the cotton industry. A more successful version was produced by William Horrocks in 1803, and this was further improved by Sharpe and Roberts in 1822. Without this invention, the firm of John Holdsworth & Co Ltd would never have existed.
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